A Haggardly Beautiful Mary Magdalene
Donatello, Mary Magdalene, late 1430s?
This Mary Magdalene was sculpted by Donatello. Artistically and materialistically, the sculpture departs from his smooth bronze and marble work. Mary stands over 6′ tall, made of wood and gesso. More than stone or marble, I believe the wood and gesso enabled Donatello to sculpt something staggering, unique and psychologically telling. The piece is a slight enigma to the art history world — we don’t know exactly when it was made, for whom, and where it was originally placed.
Mary’s face is the most telling psychological part of the sculpture. Her lips are parted, as if she’s caught in mid-action or sentence. Her hands aren’t quite joined together, and she gazes outward with intensity. She seems to be completely, introspectively fixated on Christ; meditating with an awestruck expression at the things he did for her.
It is evident from her facial features — her hallowed cheeks, missing teeth, sunken eyes, mangy hair — that her both her sinful life and her reformed life as an ascetic have each taken their toll on her soul, manifest through her physical appearance. This was a deliberate choice on Donatello’s part. He could have easily created a seductress for his Magdalene, a strong and capable woman with long, flowing hair and unsurpassed beauty. But he didn’t. Donatello sculpted Mary’s appearance to tell a story of repentance and redemption. Her body bears witness to the physical deprivation she endured as an ascetic after her Lord ascended to heaven. She stands before the viewer as a penitent follower of Christ.
Donatello, Mary Magdalene, 1430s?
It is Mary’s hair that tips the viewer off as to who exactly she is upon first viewing. Her hair, now tangled and ratty, covering her whole body, tips the viewer off: this Mary anointed Christ’s feet with oil and tears, dried them with her hair, repented, and eventually became an ascetic. As told in the Gospels, Mary Magdalene once poured precious perfume on Christ’s head and washed his feet with her tears and dried them with her hair (Luke 7:36-50). (There is a dispute among scholars as to which of the many women Christ knew did this, but for our purposes, it is Mary Magdalene.) Mary Magdalene was, by tradition, a beautiful harlot who later became an ascetic. According to the Golden Legend, she left her sinful life to become an ascetic in the south of France because “Jesus wished to sustain her naught but with heavenly meats, allowing her no earthly satisfaction.” Her past and present are wrapped up together in one image and her entire life is out in the open for the viewer to see.
Donatello, Mary Magdalene, 1430s?
In the moment that the viewer sees her, Mary appears to be caught up in a personal moment between her and Christ. She doesn’t confront or invite the viewer directly with her gaze, but the openness of the form of the sculpture invites the viewer into her space. The viewer is taken into this moment of quiet and internal conversation, if not to pray with her, then to contemplate her story — and more importantly, perhaps, one’s own spiritual life.
Mary Magdalene is currently displayed in a circular enclosure that one can circumambulate. Whether or not that is how she was originally displayed, art historians don’t know. However, this current display is important because the sculpture can be seen from every possible angle, and every angle of Mary’s face yields new insight into her psyche and the psychological fervor of the moment . Her disheveled appearance and the tortured expression on her face are the result of not only the physical demands of her penance (life as an ascetic), but also the result of the memory she’s reliving—the moment when Christ forgave her. She is caught in a moment of thankfulness, of receiving grace, and glimpsing hope. This moment is also expressed through her hair (which covers and clothes her whole body) because it serves as
“a reminder of her former beauty and sensuality, an emblem of her honouring of Christ and of her repentance, and a symbol of her neglect of worldly things during her life as a hermit saint.” – Bonnie A. Bennett
What other works that you’ve seen call the viewer to piety and introspection?
I am moved to tears!
The touch of grace of the Christ that seems suspended between the beautiful fingers of Mary Magdalene must have inspired the gifted sculptor of this incredibly beautiful and moving, intemporal statue. Thank you for your inspried text, Bonnie Bennett. When I was au pair in Firenze in 1948, i met a wonderful painter, Gonni, who lived in Donatello’s studio ! Small world !
Is it possible that this sculpture is not Mary Magdeline but rather St. Mary of Egypt?
Thanks for your question, Carolyn! Nothing in the literature as far as I know suggests it is anyone but Mary Magdalene, but an identification with St. Mary of Egypt is interesting to consider.
this sculpture is awmazing
There is nothing scripture that says she was a sinner — only that she was possessed by demons–
There is nothing inherent in the work to support the argument that this is the “Penitent Magdalene”. The assertion that she is a sinner reformed by Jesus is church tradition, and has no support in the Bible.
Taking the work on its own terms, without looking through the lens of millennia of legendary stories about Mary, it can be seen just as easily as Mary the ascetic contemplative, portrayed in her old age. (At least we agree that that this is a post-Ascension depiction of her.)
Given that she was a devoted follower of Christ (in all 4 Gospels, she – sometimes she alone – is named as the first witness to the Resurrection; she is also placed, by name, at the Crucifixion), and arguably not just a follower but a companion, it is small wonder that she would appear haggard in later life.
In the non-canonical gospel attributed to her, her spiritual understanding of Jesus’ teachings is more mystical than any of the other Disciples’, both in this gospel, and in what we can discern about the others in the canonical Gospels. This fits with the Mary who, in every Gospel, has visions of Jesus and angels.
I’m not saying you’re wrong, but I am saying your understanding of the character of Mary Magdalene is based on stories told by the church, not on the Bible.
Did the artist call her ‘Mary Magdalene’? I’m asking because this looks more like the icons of, Mary of Egypt who WAS a former prostitute turned desert hermit. Mary Magdalene was NOT a prostitute and as far as we are told in scripture, never looked like this.. the OTHER, Mary, Mary of Egypt, DID.